Galaxy clusters represent an excellent laboratory for understanding various processes involving the galaxies, the dark matter potential, and the hot intracluster medium. Furthermore, in light of the on-going large scale cluster surveys (e.g. ACT, SPT), it is of critical importance that we understand the evolution of clusters towards z~1. I will present a detailed analysis of several fundamental properties (spatial distribution, luminosity function, mass-observable scaling relations) for various classes of cluster galaxies, including the blue and red galaxies, AGNs, and brightest cluster galaxies, based on large samples of clusters at z<0.2. In particular, the relevance of these observations to the halo occupation distribution formalism, the evolution of cluster galaxies, and the environmental dependence of the radio-loud AGN phenomenon, will be discussed. Finally, the redshift evolution of the cluster galaxy population out to z=0.9 is studied in terms of the luminous red galaxies, as well as the scaling relations.